Defendant—Judge —Lawyer–

Defendant—— “I request that the Honorable Court appoint another lawyer”
Judge —— “What is your reason?”
Defendant—— “This defense attorney ignored my case”
Judge —— turned to the defense and said, “Uh! Do you have anything to complain about? ”
Defendant —— “😱 !? Lawyer _____What did they tell me? I’m sorry, my lord, I was not listening ”

የስልጣን ምንጭ⚖️

የስልጣን ምንጭ

የመንግስት ስልጣን በህግ ከተቀመጠለት ገደብ እንዳያልፍና ይህንንም በተግባር ለማረጋገጥ መጀመሪያ የስልጣንን ምንጭ እና መገለጫ ባህርያት በቅጡ መረዳት ያስፈልጋል፡፡ ለመሆኑ ስልጣን ከየት ይመነጫል? እንዴትስ ይገለጻል? የስራ አስፈፃሚውና የአስተዳደር መስሪያ ቤቶች የስልጣን ምንጭ ህግና ህገ መንግስት ብቻ ነው፡፡ በህገ መንግስታዊ እና ዲሞክራሲያዊ ስርዓት ውስጥ ህዝብ የስልጣን ባለቤት መሆኑ የሚረጋገጠው የመንግስት ባለስልጣናት ስልጣን በህዝብ ከተመረጡ ተወካዮች የመነጨ እንደሆነ ብቻ ነው፡፡

የኢ.ፌ.ዲ.ሪ ህገ መንግስት የጠቅላይ ሚኒስትሩንና የሚኒስትሮች ምክር ቤትን ስልጣናት ጠቅለል ባለ አነጋገር ይዘረዝራል፡፡ የእያንዳንዱ ሚኒስቴር መስሪያ ቤት ስልጣንና ተግባር ብዙውን ጊዜ አዲስ የምርጫ ዘመንን ተከትሎ በተወካዮች ምክር ቤት የሚወጣው የስራ አስፈፃሚውን ስልጣንና ተግባር የሚወስን አዋጅ ላይ ተዘርዝሮ ይቀመጣል፡፡

የኢ.ፌ.ዲ.ሪ ህገ-መንግስት በይፋ ከታወጀ ወዲህ የአስፈፃሚ አካላትን ስልጣንና ተግባር ለመወሰን የወጡ አዋጆች የሚከተሉት ናቸው፡፡ ይህ መጽሐፍ ወደ ህትመት እስከገባበት ጊዜ ድረስ ፀንተው ያሉ ህጎች አዋጅ ቁ. 916/2008 እና አዋጅ ቁ. 942/2008 (ማሻሻያ) ሲሆኑ የተቀሩት በሙሉ ተሽረዋል፡፡

የአስፈፃሚ አካላትን ስልጣንና ተግባር ለመወሰን የወጡ አዋጆች ዝርዝር፤

አዋጅ ቁ. 4/1987

አዋጅ ቁ. 93/1990 (ማሻሻያ)

አዋጅ ቁ. 134/1991 (ማሻሻያ)

አዋጅ ቁ. 256/1994

አዋጅ ቁ. 380/1996 (ማሻሻያ)

አዋጅ ቁ. 411/1996 (ማሻሻያ)

አዋጅ ቁ. 465/1997 (ማሻሻያ)

አዋጅ ቁ. 471/1998

አዋጅ ቁ. 546/1999 (ማሻሻያ)

አዋጅ ቁ. 603/2001 (ማሻሻያ)

አዋጅ ቁ. 641/2001 (ማሻሻያ)

አዋጅ ቁ. 642/2001 (ማሻሻያ)

አዋጅ ቁ. 691/2003

አዋጅ ቁ. 723/2004 (ማሻሻያ)

አዋጅ ቁ. 803/2005 (ማሻሻያ)

አዋጅ ቁ. 916/2008

አዋጅ ቁ. 942/2008 (ማሻሻያ)

የሌሎች የአስተዳደር መስሪያ ቤቶች ስልጣን ደግሞ የተወካዮች ምክር ቤት በሚያወጣው አዋጅ እንዲሁም ከ2002 ዓ.ም. ጀምሮ የሚኒስትሮች ምክር ቤት በሚያወጣው ደንብa በግልጽ ወይም በተዘዋዋሪ ተደንግጐ ይገኛል፡፡ እነዚህ በየጊዜው የሚወጡ ማቋቋሚያና ሌሎች ተጓዳኝ ህጐች የአስተዳደሩ የስልጣን ምንጭ በመሆን ያገለግላሉ፡፡

ስለሆነም የአስተዳደር መ/ቤቶችን የስልጣን ገደብ ለመወሰን የተወካዮች ም/ቤት ያወጣውን አዋጅ ብቻ ሳይሆን የሚኒስትሮች ምክር ቤት ደንቦችን ማመሳከር ያስፈልጋል፡፡ ከሁለቱ ህጎች ውጭ ከልማድ፣ ከመመሪያ ወይም ከሌላ የስልጣን ምንጭ በማንኛውም የአስተዳደር መ/ቤት የተፈጸመ ድርጊት፣ የተሰጠ ውሳኔ፣ የወጣ መመሪያ ወይም ደንብ ከስልጣን በላይ እንደ መሆኑ ህጋዊነት ኖሮት በህግ ፊት ሊፀና ሆነ ውጤት ሊኖረው አይችልም፡፡ በህግና በህጉ መሰረት መሰረት ብቻ መስራት የህግ የበላይነት የቆመበት ምሶሶ እንደመሆኑ የህዝብ ወይም የመንግስት አስተዳደር ሊከናወን የሚገባው ከህግ በመነጨ ስልጣን መሰረት ብቻ ነው፡፡