TYPES OF GOVERNMENT

“Off with his head!”

Louis XIV, the King of France from 1643 until 1715, is the definition of an absolute monarch. His famous phrase, “I am the State,” is an illustration of the power he wielded in France. Louis ruled through a mixture of fear and admiration, but in every case the law extended from himself.

“Off with his head!”
This is a favorite story line to show how cruel a king (or a sultan or emperor) can be. The rules in this type of government are pretty clear. Whatever the ruler says, goes. Of course, many people have had different ideas about how the ruler should govern, and those beliefs support totally different types of government. The rules shape the government’s LEGITIMACY, or the degree to which the people accept the authority of the government.

Rule by Man

Niccolo Machiavelli wrote political works during the Renaissance. In The Prince, Machiavelli advised his audience that in a system of Rule by Man it was “better to be feared than loved.

Countries whose CITIZENS are governed by the absolute decisions of the ruler have not necessarily been unhappy. A government whose king or queen rules justly and wisely may enjoy a great deal of legitimacy as long as the ruler’s AUTHORITY is accepted. Sometimes people may accept their leader because they are afraid of the consequences if they don’t. In the words of MACHIAVELLI, “It is better to be feared than loved.” As long as the feared ruler is seen as bringing about prosperity or protecting the lives of his subjects, it is entirely possible that his people will be happy.

Rule by Law

Napoleon revised the French laws into a single unified code, known as the Code Napoleon. Under the French Empire, the code was implemented throughout Europe. Napoleon is seen in this painting standing next to a copy of the Code written on a scroll.

RULE BY LAW exists in any political system in which those with power cannot make up all their own rules, but must follow an established CODE OF LAW. In ancient times a Byzantine emperor established JUSTINIAN’S CODE, a set of laws named after him that lived on long after he died. We still follow parts of that code today. The Romans were also known for codifying laws, as was NAPOLEON, Emperor of France, many centuries later.

Today most governments at least claim to be ruled by law. The most common indication is the existence of a written constitution, but the most important question to ask is whether or not the constitution actually is the “blueprint” that determines how and what policies are made. For example, Nigeria officially is a democracy with a written constitution that one dictator after another has ignored. On the other hand, Great Britain has never had a constitution as a single written document, but has for centuries been governed by law. For much of their history, the English had a limited monarchy, or a king or queen who has followed rule of law.
So whether a king can order “off with his head!” depends on the type of government that is accepted in his country. If he sets the rules (rule by man), or if the accepted outside rules allow (rule by law), the victim doesn’t have a chance.

//Guarantees Criminal Case//

Guarantee Criminal Case

Anyone can suspect a crime. People arrested on suspicion of a crime have the right to bail provided for under international law and our constitution (FDRE cons 17 (2)). The right to bail is a guarantee that people arrested on suspicion of a crime will be released from detention without being detained for a period of time (warranty | Wex | US Law | LII / Legal InformationInstitute).
– Provided by the school
1st: Guarantee by the police (Article 28 of the Penal Code)

-If you are suspected of a crime punishable by up to 3 years in prison

-If you do not have enough information to suspect that you have committed a crime or that you have committed a crime, you will be signed by the Investigating Police or a bail bond will be set.
2nd: Court Guarantee (Article 63)

– The offense carries a maximum penalty of 15 years’ imprisonment

– This guarantee is only granted if the person injured by the crime does not die.
Not only this, with regard to Article 69 (2) (a) of the Penal Code, the courts must consider the possibility of granting bail.
If the suspect is released, it will not cause problems in gathering evidence (if it does not persuade witnesses)
If I comply with the obligation
If not a threat to public order
If you do not commit another crime
If not a recurring criminal
If the suspect’s address is not far away or out of the country, I may be granted bail.
The bail application can be filed with any court in accordance with Article 64. Although the amount of bail is determined by the court, the court will take into account the severity of the crime, the appointment, the amount of property and the duration of the bail.
Failure to comply with warranty obligation
If the defendant does not appear on the appointment, bail will be paid to the government and the missing defendant will be forced to appear at the police station. He will then be kept in custody until a decision is made (Article 73 (23)).

።።።።።።።// የዋስትና በወንጀል ጉዳይ //።።።።።።።።
ማንኛውም ሰው በወንጀል ልጠረጠር ይችላል። በወንጀል ተጠርጥረው የተያዙ ሰዎች ደግሞ በአለማቀፍ ህግና በህገመንግስታችን የተደነገገ የዋስትና መብት አለው(FDRE cons 17(2))። የዋስትና መብት ማለት ደግሞ በወንጀል ተጠርጥሮ የተያዙ ሰዎች ለጊዜ ተለቀው ሳይታሰሩ ጉዳያቸውን ከውጭ ሆነው እንድከታተሉና በተፈለጉበት ሰዓት ለመገኘት የምሰጠው ማረጋገጫ ነው(warranty | Wex | US Law | LII / Legal InformationInstitute)።

ዋስትና ደግሞ በሁለት መንገድ ይሰጣል

-በፖሊስ የሚሰጥና
-በፍ/ቤት የሚሰጥ
1ኛ፦በፖሊስ የሚሰጥ ዋስትና (የወ/ሥ/ሥ/ሕ/አንቀፅ 28)
-እስከ 3አመት ቀላል እስራት የምያስቀጣ ወንጀል የተጠረጠሬ ከሆነ

-ወንጀሉ ስለመሠራቱ አጠራጣሪ ሁነታ ስገጥም ወይም ወንጀል ሰርቷል የምያስብል በቂ መረጃ ስታጣ በመርማሪ ፖልስ አስፈርሞ ወይም የገንዘብ ዋስ የምሆን ዋስትና ወረቀት በማስፈረም የምቀርብበትን ቀን ወስኖ ይለቃል።
2ኛ፦በፍ/ቤት የምሰጥ ዋስትና (የወ/ሥ/ሥ/ሕ/አንቀፅ 63

-ወንጀሉ ከ15አመት በታች ጽኑ እስራት የምያስቀጣ ስሆንና

-በወንጀል የተጎዳ ሰው የማይሞት ከሆነ ነው ይህ ዋስትና የሚፈቀደው።
ይህ ብቻ አይደለም የወ/ሥ/ሥ/ሕ/አንቀፅ 69(2(ሀ-መ) እንደተደነገገው ፍ/ቤቶች ዋስትና ለመፍቀድ ማገናዘብ ያለባቸው ነገሮች ውስጥ
ተጠርጣሪ ከተለቀቀ በማስረጃ አሰባሰብ ላይ ችግር የማይፈጥር ከሆነ(ሚስክሮችን የማያባብል ከሆነ)
ግዴታውን አክብሮ የምቀርብ ከሆነ
ለህዝብ ጸጥታ አስግ ካልሆነ
ሌላ ወንጀል የማይፈጽሙ ከሆነ
ተደጋጋሚ ወንጀለኛ ካልሆነ
የተጠርጣሪ አድራሻ ሩቅ ካልሆነ ወይም ከሀገር የማይወጣ ከሆነ የዋስትና መብት ልከበርለት ይችላል ።
የዋስትናውን አቤቱታ በ64 መሠረት ለማንኛውም ፍ/ቤት ማቅረብ ወይም ማመልከት ይቻላል።የዋስትና መያዣ መጠን በፍ/ቤት የምወሰን ብሆንም የወንጀሉ ከባድነት ፣ ቀጠሮ አክባሪነት ፣የሀብት መጠኑ እና የዋስትና ቆይታ ጊዜ ፍ/ቤቱ ከግንዛቤ ውስጥ ያስገባል ።
የዋስትና ግደታ ያለማክበር
ተከሳሽ በቀጠሮ ቀን ካልቀረበ የዋስትና ገንዘብ ለመንግስት ገብ ይደረግና ያልቀረበ ተከሳሽ በፖሊስ ተገዶ እንድቀርብ ይደረጋል ። ከዚያም ለላ ከባድ ዋስትና ይገባል ካልሆነ ውሳኔ እስክአገኝ ድረስ ማረፍያ ቤት ይቆያል (የወ/ሥ/ሥ/ሕ/አንቀፅ 73(23¾)።

The letter Abiy’s puppet(AG) wrote to block medical treatment of Bekele Gerba was brought to court today. Attorney General tried to hide what was already delivered to court. He tried to intimidate prison officials to hide the letter but the brave officers delivered it to court.

The letter Abiy’s puppet(AG) wrote to block medical treatment of Bekele Gerba was brought to court today. Attorney General tried to hide what was already delivered to court. He tried to intimidate prison officials to hide the letter but the brave officers delivered it to court.