From the day Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed came to power, the slogan, politics or patriotism that Ethiopia has been saying will not fall apart? Who said Ethiopia will be destroyed or Ethiopia will be destroyed? Why did Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, with his tribute to Isaias Afewerki, repeatedly use slogans unless he himself had the intention of destroying Ethiopia? Apart from Eritrean President Isaias Afewerki, who wants Ethiopia to fall apart? In the absence of a party that wants to overthrow it, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. Why do they always shout “Ethiopia will not fall apart”? The Prime Minister says Ethiopia will not fall apart. It is not a scientific political analysis, but a mediation that tells us that Ethiopia will not fall apart like any other country because God protects it. Once the egg yolk is shed, it is useless. God, who created in His image and sacrificed His only begotten Son, killed innocent people who raped women with their soldiers and massacred innocent people, and killed innocent people on TV and radio. They are pretending to be believers and trying to deceive people. The fact that Ethiopia did not fall under the Italian invasion does not mean that Ethiopia will not fall apart. The slogan “Ethiopia will not fall” is determined by the hammer of the destroyer. There is no reason why Ethiopia should not fall apart, as the current negative and unhappy government is a corrupt government and a group of very fast-moving genocides. Ethiopia will collapse like any other country. This means that it cannot continue to be a country until it is in the hands of a murderous and murderous government. ጠ/ም አብይ አህመድ ወደ ስልጣን ከመጡበት ቀን ጀምሮ ኢትዮጵያ አትፈርስም እያሉ የሚያሰሙን መፈክር፣ ፖለትካ ወይስ ሀገር ወዳድነት? ማንስ ኢትዮጵያ ትፍረስ ወይም ኢትዮጵያን እናፈርሳለን ብሎ ተናገረ? ጠቅላይ ሚንስትር አብይ አህመድ ከግብራቸው ኢሳያስ አፈወርቅ ጋር ሆኖ እራሳቸው ኢትዮጵያን የማፍረስ አላማ ይኖሯቸው ካልሆነ በስተቀር ለምን ደጋግሞ መፈክር ማሰማታቸው ተፈለገ? ከኤርትራ ፕሬዝዳንት ኢሳያስ አፈወርቂ ውጪ ማንስ ኢትዮጵያ እንዲትፈርስ ፈላጎት አለው? እንድትፈርስ ፍላጎት ያለው ተከራካሪ ወገን በሌለበት ሁኔታ፣ ጠቅላይ ሚንስቴር አብይ አህመድ። ሁልጊዜም ኢትዮጵያ አትፈርስም የሚል መፈክር የሚያሰሙን ለምንድነው? እንግዲህ ጠቅላይ ሚንስቴሩ ኢትዮጵያ አትፈርስም የኢትዮጵያ አምላክ ኢትዮጵያን ይጠብቃታል፣ የሚሉት የኢትዮጵያ አምላክ ከሌሎች የተለየ ነው? የሚሉና እግዚአብሔር አብዝቶ ህዝቧንና ራሷን እንዲባርክ የሚማልዱላት ኢትዮጵያ ከሌሎች ሃገራት ሁሉ ተለይታ የማትፈርሰው እግዚአብሔር ስለሚጠብቃት እንደሆነ የሚነግሩን ሽምገላ እንጂ ሳይንሳዊ የፖለቲካ ትንተና አይደለም። አንድ እንቁላል አስኳሉ ከፈሰሰ በኋላ ጥቅም አይሰጥም። እግዚአብሔር በአምሳሉ የፈጠረውን እና አንድ ልጁን የሰዋለትን የሰው ልጅ እንዲገደል ትዕዛዝ እየሰጡ፣ በወታደሮቻቸው ሴቶችን አስገድዶ የሚደፍሩ ንጹሃንን በእሳት የሚያቃጥሉና ህዝብን በቁም የምረሽን መንግሥት፣ ከዚያም አልፎ የንጹሃን ህይዎት ቀርጥፈው ገደልነው፣ ብሎም በቴሌቪዥን እና በራዲዮ ገደልናቸውገደልናቸው፣ ተደመሰሱ ብሎም ለህዝብ የሚነግሩ ሰዎች ኢትዮጵያን እግዚአብሔር ይጠብቃል ኢትዮጵያ አትፈርስም ወዘተ፣ የሚሉት አማኝ መስሎ ህዝብን ለማታለል ነው። በጣልያንም ወረራ ኢትዮጵያ አልፈረሰችም ማለት ኢትዮጵያ አሁንም አትፈርስም ማለት አይደለም። ኢትዮጵያ አትፈርስም የሚል መፈክርን ውሳኔ የሚወስነው አፍራሹ የያዘው መዶሻ ነው። የአሁኑ አፍራሽ ደግሞም የሰው ልጆች በህይወት መኖር ደስታ የማይሰጠው አፍራሽ መንግሥትና በጣም ፈጣን ሃገር አጥፊዎች ስብስብ ሹማምንት ስለሆነ ኢትዮጵያ የማትፈርስበት ምክንያት የለም። ኢትዮጵያ እንደማንኛውም ሃገር ትፈርሳለች። ይህ ማለትም ጨፍጫፊና ገዳይ መንግስት እጅ ውስጥ አስከካለች ድረስ ሃገር ሆና መቀጠል አትችልም።
a rebel leader and one of the most sought after men in the country.
Now he sits in a mountain village with his satellite phone and plans how the war will continue for the rebels.
The war in Tigray County began last November when the armed wing of the TPLF, the Tigray People’s Liberation Front, attacked a federal headquarters in Tigray Province.
The central government’s revenge attack was supposed to last a few days or weeks, according to Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed.
It will soon be eight months from now, and the fighting in the Tigray War is the fiercest since November.
Also read:
“We are afraid they will come back to kill us all” – Yle’s pictures show the cruelty of the Tigray War in Ethiopia
Getachew Reda is a member of the TPLF, and the goal of the entire war is to find him and other leaders and hold them accountable. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed calls Geachewa and his colleagues junta and criminals.
Getachew Reda is one of the most sought after people in Ethiopia. Yle journalist Liselott Lindström met him in the mountain village of Tigray. Photo: Yle The TPLF ruled Ethiopia for nearly 30 years in a violent way. Party forces managed to overthrow the country’s communist government. The party then led a country where human rights violations and the imprisonment of the opposition were part of the basic toolbox.
The TPLF’s term ended after massive protests, with Parliament electing Abiy Ahmed as prime minister in 2018. On Monday, Ethiopia held its first democratic elections in decades. Abyy is expected to make a clear profit.
Now Abiy Ahmed and TPLF are arch enemies.
Young people are now joining large numbers of TDF rebels. Photo: Yle One reason for that is Abyy’s policy of trying to centralize power away from the states. When Abiy decided to postpone the election last August, Tigray decided to hold state elections anyway. The TPLF received almost all the votes, and the central government did not approve the result.
– We are fighting for the absolute sovereignty of the people of Tigray. But our enemies will not surrender until they have destroyed the entire Tigray people, Getachew says.
Getachew gives an interview in the yard. Next to his leg is a large pile of bullshit. He is constantly on the move so that the government will not find him. Now he is staying in a small village with a farming family. TPLF soldiers are dependent on human help, and they have a lot of support here.
Soldiers move mostly on foot. In the mountainous terrain of Tigray. Photo: Yle The family’s mother says Eritrean soldiers took everything from them and stayed in the village for weeks. He especially misses his solar panel.
Now there are only TPLF troops in the village. Or actually, they now prefer the acronym TDF, or Tigray Defense Forces. The armed wing of the TPLF is trying to re-brand, and a record number of young people are involved.
TDF appears to have strong support in rural Tigray. For many civilians, war has become a struggle for survival and the survival of the entire nation.
Tehran Tsega Berhan, 20, interrupted his studies to join the rebel forces.
– I’m really sad about this war. I want to fight those who have done this to us. Young people are really inspired and are now joining forces.
Tehran Tsega Berhan joined the troops as early as the age of 18 because she felt the hatred of the Ttigre was unfair. Photo: Yle The TPLF may well be blamed for blasting a powder keg with a blow to a military base in November.
But the backlash from government forces has been really fierce. There are also Eritrean forces involved in the fight, accused of, among other things, massacres and the use of rape as a weapon.
As many as 90 percent of Tigray’s residents need food aid, and the UN has warned of man-made famine in the region. Soldiers have been accused of deliberately trying to starve Tigray residents by looting and destroying crops and farming opportunities.
Warnings have also been given about ethnic cleansing.
Finnish Foreign Minister Pekka Haavisto received sharp criticism last week when he spoke of the war as a genocide.
Read here about Ethiopia’s comments:
Ethiopian Foreign Ministry strongly criticizes Pekka Haavisto – comments “irresponsible and non-diplomatic”
TDF troops have solid support in rural areas, where people give them food and space. Photo: Yle Word choices are a sensitive issue for central government.
In the capital, Addis Ababa, Foreign Ministry President Dina Mufti is outraged when the word war comes up.
– It’s not a war, it’s law enforcement. If anyone has broken the law, they must be punished for not doing so on you?
He says the operation is already over, and now the focus in Tigray is on reconstruction. Just days earlier, dozens of people died in a government airstrike in the village of Tigray.
I will tell you that in Tigray, many said they were starving, and Mufti pauses before the question is asked.
– I can’t verify the information you’ve come across there because I wasn’t there and I didn’t see it, so don’t ask me questions like that, okay? he says.
In the town of Hawzen, food aid was distributed to hungry people. Photo: Luke Dray I ask what exactly TPLF is being accused of and whether the war is the price the central government is willing to pay for capturing TPLF’s leadership. It will result in the President concluding the interview.
In the mountains of Tigray, there are sounds of heavy warfare.
The fighting takes place about 15 miles away, Getachew says as we walk to look at his troops.
Snipers lie on the ground and stare across the valley. Tehran Tsega Berhan receives soldiers returning from fighting.
A young soldier has had a gunshot wound to his shoulder in battles against Ethiopian government forces. Photo: Yle A bullet has passed through the young man’s shoulder, and he pains in pain under the tree.
A bullet also hit Tehran in December, but the injury to the hand has already healed.
TDF field hospitals have almost no supplies, Getachew says.
He calls the country’s prime minister and Nobel Peace Prize winner Abiy Ahmedia “semi-illiterate and power-hungry.”
Getachewta is particularly bitten by the fact that Isaias Afwerki, the president of Eritrea, the TPLF’s arch-enemy, has sent troops to the country.
Abiy wants to become a similar regional dictator to Isaiah. But this war means destruction for the Ethiopian state as we know it, he says.
Getachew admits that TPLF made mistakes while in power. However, he definitely insists that the good economic development of Ethiopia has been entirely thanks to them.
The war is mostly about waiting. Some have not used their weapons for a couple of months. Photo: Yle – We are not criminals, but if someone has accusations, we will be happy to answer them.
The sounds of battles echo across the valley.
– This, what you have now proved, is the first chapter of the end. The next chapters are coming fast and we can’t be stopped. This will soon be over.
TDF troops have reportedly taken over several towns in Tigray this week.
Accelerating fighting does not scare 20-year-old Tehran.
– I’m fighting for my Tiger. I can very well sacrifice my life for it. Many are fighting in foreign countries without any purpose. I have a goal and that’s why I’m not afraid of death, he says.
Hundreds of thousands of Tigray mothers and children are dying of starvation in Ethiopia. This is an unprecedented massacre in all parts of the country at the behest of dictator Abiy Ahmed. This is how my country became! too bad.!
From the day Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed came to power, the slogan, politics or patriotism that Ethiopia has been saying will not fall apart? Who said Ethiopia will be destroyed or Ethiopia will be destroyed? Why did Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, with his tribute to Isaias Afewerki, repeatedly use slogans unless he himself had the intention of destroying Ethiopia? Apart from Eritrean President Isaias Afewerki, who wants Ethiopia to fall apart? In the absence of a party that wants to overthrow it, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. Why do they always shout “Ethiopia will not fall apart”? The Prime Minister says Ethiopia will not fall apart. It is not a scientific political analysis, but a mediation that tells us that Ethiopia will not fall apart like any other country because God protects it. Once the egg yolk is shed, it is useless. God, who created in His image and sacrificed His only begotten Son, killed innocent people who raped women with their soldiers and massacred innocent people, and killed innocent people on TV and radio. They are pretending to be believers and trying to deceive people. The fact that Ethiopia did not fall under the Italian invasion does not mean that Ethiopia will not fall apart. The slogan “Ethiopia will not fall” is determined by the hammer of the destroyer. There is no reason why Ethiopia should not fall apart, as the current negative and unhappy government is a corrupt government and a group of very fast-moving genocides. Ethiopia will collapse like any other country. This means that it cannot continue to be a country until it is in the hands of a murderous and murderous government. ጠ/ም አብይ አህመድ ወደ ስልጣን ከመጡበት ቀን ጀምሮ ኢትዮጵያ አትፈርስም እያሉ የሚያሰሙን መፈክር፣ ፖለትካ ወይስ ሀገር ወዳድነት? ማንስ ኢትዮጵያ ትፍረስ ወይም ኢትዮጵያን እናፈርሳለን ብሎ ተናገረ? ጠቅላይ ሚንስትር አብይ አህመድ ከግብራቸው ኢሳያስ አፈወርቅ ጋር ሆኖ እራሳቸው ኢትዮጵያን የማፍረስ አላማ ይኖሯቸው ካልሆነ በስተቀር ለምን ደጋግሞ መፈክር ማሰማታቸው ተፈለገ? ከኤርትራ ፕሬዝዳንት ኢሳያስ አፈወርቂ ውጪ ማንስ ኢትዮጵያ እንዲትፈርስ ፈላጎት አለው? እንድትፈርስ ፍላጎት ያለው ተከራካሪ ወገን በሌለበት ሁኔታ፣ ጠቅላይ ሚንስቴር አብይ አህመድ። ሁልጊዜም ኢትዮጵያ አትፈርስም የሚል መፈክር የሚያሰሙን ለምንድነው? እንግዲህ ጠቅላይ ሚንስቴሩ ኢትዮጵያ አትፈርስም የኢትዮጵያ አምላክ ኢትዮጵያን ይጠብቃታል፣ የሚሉት የኢትዮጵያ አምላክ ከሌሎች የተለየ ነው? የሚሉና እግዚአብሔር አብዝቶ ህዝቧንና ራሷን እንዲባርክ የሚማልዱላት ኢትዮጵያ ከሌሎች ሃገራት ሁሉ ተለይታ የማትፈርሰው እግዚአብሔር ስለሚጠብቃት እንደሆነ የሚነግሩን ሽምገላ እንጂ ሳይንሳዊ የፖለቲካ ትንተና አይደለም። አንድ እንቁላል አስኳሉ ከፈሰሰ በኋላ ጥቅም አይሰጥም። እግዚአብሔር በአምሳሉ የፈጠረውን እና አንድ ልጁን የሰዋለትን የሰው ልጅ እንዲገደል ትዕዛዝ እየሰጡ፣ በወታደሮቻቸው ሴቶችን አስገድዶ የሚደፍሩ ንጹሃንን በእሳት የሚያቃጥሉና ህዝብን በቁም የምረሽን መንግሥት፣ ከዚያም አልፎ የንጹሃን ህይዎት ቀርጥፈው ገደልነው፣ ብሎም በቴሌቪዥን እና በራዲዮ ገደልናቸውገደልናቸው፣ ተደመሰሱ ብሎም ለህዝብ የሚነግሩ ሰዎች ኢትዮጵያን እግዚአብሔር ይጠብቃል ኢትዮጵያ አትፈርስም ወዘተ፣ የሚሉት አማኝ መስሎ ህዝብን ለማታለል ነው። በጣልያንም ወረራ ኢትዮጵያ አልፈረሰችም ማለት ኢትዮጵያ አሁንም አትፈርስም ማለት አይደለም። ኢትዮጵያ አትፈርስም የሚል መፈክርን ውሳኔ የሚወስነው አፍራሹ የያዘው መዶሻ ነው። የአሁኑ አፍራሽ ደግሞም የሰው ልጆች በህይወት መኖር ደስታ የማይሰጠው አፍራሽ መንግሥትና በጣም ፈጣን ሃገር አጥፊዎች ስብስብ ሹማምንት ስለሆነ ኢትዮጵያ የማትፈርስበት ምክንያት የለም። ኢትዮጵያ እንደማንኛውም ሃገር ትፈርሳለች። ይህ ማለትም ጨፍጫፊና ገዳይ መንግስት እጅ ውስጥ አስከካለች ድረስ ሃገር ሆና መቀጠል አትችልም።
The solution is to face the bitter truth! ………………………………………….. .. It is the historic responsibility of this generation to abandon the “generation” that claims to be dead if we do not burn the American flag. To do this, we must first evict all forces that violated Ethiopia’s sovereignty and ensure that we do not need any interference. Next you need to look inside and close your home in a polite manner. The world is solving the problem through dialogue, negotiation, and acceptance, not by making excuses and by fighting. Failure to do so is a second death, especially for my generation!
Basic Rules of International Humanitarian Law in Armed Conflicts The seven fundamental rules which are the basis of the Geneva Conventions and the Additional Protocols: 1 – Persons hors de combat and those who do not take a direct part in hostilities are entitled to respect for their lives and their moral and physical integrity. They shall in all circumstances be protected and treated humanely without any adverse distinction. 2 – It is forbidden to kill or injure an enemy who surrenders or who is hors de combat. 3 – The wounded and sick shall be collected and cared for by the party to the conflict which has them in its power. Protection also covers medical personnel, establishments, transports and equipment. The emblem of the red cross or the red crescent is the sign of such protection and must be respected. 4 – Captured combatants and civilians under the authority of an adverse party are entitled to respect for their lives, dignity, personal rights and convictions. They shall be protected against all acts of violence and reprisals. They shall have the right to correspond with their families and to receive relief. 5 – Everyone shall be entitled to benefit from fundamental judicial guarantees. No one shall be held responsible for an act he has not committed. No one shall be subjected to physical or mental torture, corporal punishment or cruel or degrading treatment. 6 – Parties to a conflict and members of their armed forces do not have an unlimited choice of methods and means of warfare. It is prohibited to employ weapons or methods of warfare of a nature to cause unnecessary losses or excessive suffering. 7 – Parties to a conflict shall at all times distinguish between the civilian population and combatants in order to spare civilian population and property. Neither the civilian population as such nor civilian persons shall be the object of attack. Attacks shall be directed solely against military objectives.
In recent years, the government has been known to harass, intimidate, and exert political pressure on politicians by claiming that the government is a terrorist who has disturbed the country, or that it has disturbed the country. I repeat, yes, the war in Tigray is not a crime to oppose the massacre of innocent Tigray, the rape of women. Violation of civil rights / denial of civil rights has become a major function of government. The government should be aware that it has no interest in enforcing the law and has no interest in enforcing the law. Still urgently # Mr. Lidetu is obliged to allow Ayale to leave the country for treatment. We apologize to Lidetu Ayalew for complying with the decision of the Federal Court of First Instance’s Arada Anti-Terrorism Tribunal today.
YE ABESHA MEDHANIT Facebook page. I listened to a woman who is an activist and she is an amazing woman. I couldn’t help but admire her. This brilliant, beautiful and good activist is brilliant and her thinking as a girl is amazing. The sincerity of her heart is evident. This beautiful, decent woman is sharing all her thoughts and knowledge with us in a very balanced and unbiased way. It is incumbent upon all of us to encourage and support such courageous and positive women as role models for other women.
Actor Abe in Parliament! …. What kind of movie did you like when I was a kid? If you tell me, I really like Indian films, especially karate. There is nothing impossible in Indian film. Everything is possible. It’s good that the actors are pretending. On Indian film: For example, you can see a thief in Addis Ababa slapping his family in Bahir Dar or Jimma. Indian film is like this . The Ethiopian actor will also unveil his new film in parliament tomorrow. It will also unveil its ten-year development plan. It is expected that the film will have an amazing story and a series of comedy series. Many Ethiopians, many mothers, especially in tomorrow’s parliamentary film; Many widows and widowers are expected to applaud. . Let me tell you something today, my friend! Tomorrow’s parliamentary drama: Fugera: And let me warn you not to pretend to be “poisoned honey” again! Stay awake, Look at your life, look at yourself. All that is being said to you so far is that you have benefited from the Indian film I mentioned above; Changed: You have nothing to gain by 0.0%. . Actor Abby as yesterday, As before: He is 3 years old today; He still wants to take you away, so not for me, but for your own life, For your own family, Sincerely for your future Ethiopia; Your people If you like, the trick presented by Actor Abby: Sit aside, ask why you are here today, and wait until tomorrow is a good day. . * The speech I used as an introduction is the speech of Actor Abe! That’s what he used to say when he was teasing people. The fact is, the truth is on the ground right now. These kinds of lies: Lies: Simulations: If you want to listen, it’s easy to make sure you watch the videos. But my party, wake up! I said! I do not want to hear any more cries, Because I don’t want to grieve again! Yes, folks, wake up!
Basic Rules of International Humanitarian Law in Armed Conflicts
The seven fundamental rules which are the basis of the Geneva Conventions and the Additional Protocols:
1 – Persons hors de combat and those who do not take a direct part in hostilities are entitled to respect for their lives and their moral and physical integrity. They shall in all circumstances be protected and treated humanely without any adverse distinction.
2 – It is forbidden to kill or injure an enemy who surrenders or who is hors de combat.
3 – The wounded and sick shall be collected and cared for by the party to the conflict which has them in its power. Protection also covers medical personnel, establishments, transports and equipment. The emblem of the red cross or the red crescent is the sign of such protection and must be respected.
4 – Captured combatants and civilians under the authority of an adverse party are entitled to respect for their lives, dignity, personal rights and convictions. They shall be protected against all acts of violence and reprisals. They shall have the right to correspond with their families and to receive relief.
5 – Everyone shall be entitled to benefit from fundamental judicial guarantees. No one shall be held responsible for an act he has not committed. No one shall be subjected to physical or mental torture, corporal punishment or cruel or degrading treatment.
6 – Parties to a conflict and members of their armed forces do not have an unlimited choice of methods and means of warfare. It is prohibited to employ weapons or methods of warfare of a nature to cause unnecessary losses or excessive suffering.
7 – Parties to a conflict shall at all times distinguish between the civilian population and combatants in order to spare civilian population and property. Neither the civilian population as such nor civilian persons shall be the object of attack. Attacks shall be directed solely against military objectives.
Between the two world wars, three types of dictatorships have been described: constitutional, counterrevolutionary and fascist. Since World War II, a broader range of dictatorships has been recognized, including Third World dictatorships, theocratic or religious dictatorships and dynastic or family-based dictatorships.
Characteristics. Authoritarianism is characterized by highly concentrated and centralized government power maintained by political repression and the exclusion of potential challengers. It uses political parties and mass organizations to mobilize people around the goals of the regime.
Dictatorships are often characterised by some of the following: suspension of elections and civil liberties; proclamation of a state of emergency; rule by decree; repression of political opponents; not abiding by the rule of law procedures, and cult of personality.
Essential Qualities of a Good Journalist A Way with Words. … Thorough Knowledge. … Investigative Skills. … Effective Communication Skills. … Professionalism and Confidence. … Persistence and Discipline. …
Ethics are Important Too. AWLO Media journalist Bekalu Alamiro, as far as I know, is a very loving, impartial and impartial journalist who fulfills these journalistic ethics. I would also like to say with all my heart that it is a very honest public ear and eye.
Special envoy for the Horn of Africa to address political instability and conflict in the East African region, including a brewing civil war and humanitarian crisis in northern Ethiopia, current and former officials familiar with the matter told Foreign Policy.
The new special envoy post could fill a diplomatic leadership gap in the administration’s foreign-policy ranks as it works to install other senior officials in the State Department, a process that could take weeks or even months to complete, as they require presidential nomination and Senate confirmation. Special envoy posts do not require Senate confirmation. A new Horn of Africa envoy would have their work cut out for them: Sudan is undergoing a delicate political transition after three decades under a dictatorship, South Sudan is wracked by chronic instability and corruption, and the fragile government of Somalia is grappling with ongoing threats from the al-Shabab terrorist group and political gridlock that has delayed national elections. An ongoing dispute between Ethiopia, Egypt, and Sudan over a major dam project adds another layer of complexity to the tensions in the region. The most pressing crisis in the eyes of many U.S. policymakers, however, is in Ethiopia. In November 2020, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed launched a military campaign against the ruling party in the country’s northern Tigray region, after accusing it of attacking a government military base. Conflict has ravaged the region since then, marked by thousands of deaths, millions in need of humanitarian assistance, and widespread reports of interethnic violence. U.S. officials fear that the conflict could turn into a full-blown regional crisis, with turmoil spilling over into neighboring Eritrea and Sudan. While officials cautioned no final decision has yet been made, one top contender for the potential job is Donald Booth, a seasoned diplomatic troubleshooter in the region who currently serves as U.S. special envoy for Sudan and has previou
Very alarming reports that Ethiopian authorities have taken Bekele Gerba, who had been on a hunger strike for the last three weeks, to government hospital against his will and in violation of a court order. There are also reports that the authorities arrested and detained private doctors of the Oromo political leaders on hunger strike […]
Explaining common income. “” “” “” “” “” “” “” “” “” “” “” “” “” “” “” “” “” “ Based on the information we provide about common income, we have seen different opinions. Some have questioned whether the House of Federation has decided on a distribution formula. So what are common income? What is the distribution formula? It is our responsibility and responsibility to respond and make it clear to our people. Read it and explain it to others. I would like to take this opportunity to express our readiness to accept any constructive comments that may be considered and to make a decision.
Joint Revenue: According to Article 98 of the FDRE Constitution, the Federal Government and State Governments are jointly authorized to collect and collect taxes (concurrent power of taxation) and in accordance with Article 99, the House of Federation and the House of Peoples’ Representatives. 3 Votes is the revenue of the states collected by the federal government from the tax sources that distinguish the concurrent power of taxation. However, common income does not mean that the federal government subsidizes states under Article 62/7. Accordingly, common income Business income tax and labor income tax collected from state governments and public enterprises jointly established by the federal government; 1.1 Business Income Tax Business income tax is a tax that is collected from business taxpayers in accordance with Article 3 of the Federal Income Tax Proclamation 979/2008. According to this provision, business is any industrial, commercial, vocational or vocational work that is carried out on a regular or short-term basis, and does not include services provided or rented by the employer. Any work performed by any corporation or limited liability company, regardless of the purpose of the company, is considered business, except for the lease of any other work or building that is recognized as a business under commercial law.
Therefore, the business income tax collected by the state governments and the public enterprises established by the federal government is a common income. According to the 1989 formula, which preceded the new common income distribution formula, the distribution was based on the share of capital contributions, while the new formula was 50% for the federal government and 50% for the state.
1.2 Employment Tax Labor tax is a tax that is levied and collected in accordance with Article 11 of the Federal Income Tax Proclamation 979/2008. Therefore, labor tax collected from state governments and joint ventures by the federal government is a common income. Accordingly, the division was 50% for the federal government, 50% for the state, and 100% for the state, according to the 1989 distribution formula, which preceded the new common income distribution formula.
1.3 Sales Tax (VAT and Turnover Tax) ፡ VAT is replaced by VAT and Turnover Tax. VAT means VAT Proclamation no. 285/2002 and Turnover Tax also means the Turnover Tax Proclamation no. 308/2002 are taxes levied on taxable transactions. Therefore, sales tax (VAT and Turnover Tax) collected from state governments and joint ventures by the federal government is a common income. Prior to the 1989 formula, the distribution was 70% to the federal government, 30% to the state, and 50% to the federal government, and 50% to the federal government, according to the subsidy formula for all states.
Taxes collected from business enterprises, shareholders’ profits and sales tax (VAT and Turnover Tax); 2.1 Business Income Tax Business Income Tax shall be defined as No. 01, “Enterprise” in the Federal Tax Administration Proclamation no. According to Article 05 of 983/2008, a company, a partnership, etc., is a joint venture tax collected from private companies. According to the 1989 formula before the new common income distribution formula, 50% is for the federal government, 50% for the state, and 50% for the federal government, 50% for the state, but if the enterprise operates in more than one region, 50% of the state is in the region. It is based on the cost to the staff.
2.2 Tax Shares from Shareholders Federal Income Tax Proclamation no. Pursuant to Articles 55 (1 and 2) of 979/2008, a person who is a resident of Ethiopia and who is not a resident of Ethiopia is liable to pay 10% dividend tax on his gross income. Therefore, the dividend income tax collected from shareholders is a common income. According to the 1989 formula before the new common income distribution formula, 50% is for the federal government, 50% for the state, and 50% for the federal government, 50% for the state, but if the enterprise operates in more than one region, 50% of the state is in the region. It is based on the cost to the staff.
2.3 Sales Tax (VAT and Turnover Tax) ፡ VAT is replaced by VAT and Turnover Tax. VAT means VAT Proclamation no. 285/2002 and Turnover Tax also means the Turnover Tax Proclamation no. 308/2002 are taxes levied on taxable transactions. Therefore, sales tax (value added tax and turnover tax) from private companies is a common income. In the 1989 formula, before the new common income distribution formula, 70% was distributed to the federal government, 30% to the state, and 50% to the federal government, and 50% to the federal government.
Excise tax collected from private companies Excise tax collected from corporations is the excise tax proclamation no. 1186/2020 is the basis of the tax. In this letter, the House of Federation of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) No. 2-3 / 111 / A21 / 12/1 dated 23/09/97 (the House of Representatives and the House of Peoples’ Representatives) dated 23/09/97, as it was one of the powers not subject to Article 98 of the Constitution. At a joint meeting on September 25, 2006, it was decided that the excise tax collected from legal entities should be a common income. The distribution was not limited to the 1989 formula, which preceded the new common income distribution formula, but in the new formula, 50% was distributed to the federal government and 50% to all states based on the subsidy formula. Royalty Receipt from Leasing Creativity In this regard, the House of Federation of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) No. 2-3 / 111 / A21 / 12/1 dated 23/09/97 (the House of Representatives and the House of Peoples’ Representatives on 23/09/97) was among the powers that are not specified in Article 98 of the Constitution. In a joint meeting of the councils on September 25, 1996, it was also decided that the royalty tax on leasing patents from corporations should be shared. It did not exist in 1989, which preceded the new common income distribution formula. In the new formula, 50% of the revenue was generated by the federal government, but if the enterprise operates in more than one region, 50% of the revenue is allocated to the regions. Mining Income Tax and Sales Tax (VAT and Turnover Tax) collected from large mining, gas and petroleum companies 5.1 Mining Income Tax Mining Income Tax is a tax collected from companies engaged in major mining, gas and petroleum activities in accordance with the Mining Income Tax Proclamation. According to the 1989 formula, which preceded the new common income distribution formula, the distribution was based on the share of capital contributions, while the new formula was 50% for the federal government and 50% for the state.
5.2 Sales tax (VAT and Turnover Tax) collected from companies engaged in heavy mining, gas and petroleum operations VAT is replaced by VAT and Turnover Tax. VAT means VAT Proclamation no. 285/2002 and Turnover Tax also means the Turnover Tax Proclamation no. 308/2002 are taxes levied on taxable transactions. Therefore, sales tax (value added tax and turnover tax) collected from large mining, gas and petroleum companies is a common income. In the 1989 formula, before the new common income distribution formula, 70% was distributed to the federal government, 30% to the state, and 50% to the federal government, and 50% to the federal government.
In general, according to the new common revenue distribution formula mentioned above, our Ministry has been able to distribute Birr 11,991,401,706.11 in the first half of the budget year under the Revenue Sharing System. This performance has increased by 8,681,102,030.61 or 262% compared to the same period in 2012/13.
Last time Ethiopia descended into conflict, it took 17 years to emerge. Will Ethiopia’s new leaders learn from history?
The Ethiopian federal government’s “law enforcement operation” in Tigray aimed to capture the rebellious rulers in the northern regional state. Thus far, however, the core leadership is at large, and the campaign has further exposed the country’s political fragility, pushing it into the abyss of a likely long-term war. Reports of military recruitment and reinforcements sent to the northern front to battle the rebels are again heard in Ethiopia, reminiscent of the recurring news headlines of the 1970s and 80s. With the Tigray war now in its third month, the contours of how a drawn-out conflict may evolve are emerging. Meanwhile, elsewhere in Ethiopia, other armed insurgencies are evolving. As conflict lines deepen, pressure increases on the state’s security forces and capacity. The surge in violence worsens the dire humanitarian situation across the country, weakens the economy, and diverts government attention, resources, and funding from economic development to warring. The Tigray war will therefore impact politics, social cohesion, and development all over the country, just like the 1974-1991 Tigrayan struggle. The military campaign on Tigray will be remembered as Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s “crossing the Rubicon” moment. No matter the outcome, or how long it will take to reach a victory or settlement, Ethiopia will likely never return to the status quo ante.
Steps to war
This war has been long in the making. For years, the cohesion within the ruling government coalition of the Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) has withered, accentuated by the widespread disturbances during 2015-2018 instigated by the Qeerroo (Oromo) followed by the Fano (Amhara), youth protest movements. The youth protested against government abuse and maladministration, as well as TPLF dominance within the EPRDF. The Qeerroo demanded an ‘Oromo First’ policy, that the Oromo should exercise self-rule in Oromia and be the dominating force at the federal level, due to their demographic size. The internal power-struggle culminated with the ascent of Abiy to the helm in April 2018. Representing the Oromo faction of the coalition with the support of the Amhara party, Abiy’s rise undercut the longstanding Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) dominance of the EPRDF. In December 2019, initial tensions between the factions of Abiy’s EPRDF morphed to open hostility when he dissolved the coalition and crafted the Prosperity Party from its ashes. The TPLF leadership declared the dissolving of the EPRDF as illegal and regrouped in Tigray, where they started to design their own development policies and political visions of a Tigray “de facto state” with a looser relationship with the federal government. Subsequent attempts by, inter alia, religious leaders to pacify the increasing tensions failed. The decisive breach of relations between the federal government and Tigray’s rulers began with Addis Ababa’s decision to postpone the 2020 general elections due to the pandemic. TPLF, believing it was because Abiy feared losing at the polls, characterized the postponement beyond government term limits unconstitutional.

Can Tigray’s election serve as a beacon of Ethiopian democracy?
By Abreha Gebrearegawi Hagos
The TPLF decided to proceed with elections in Tigray, which the federal government condemned as unconstitutional. Addis warned of sanctions and possible intervention if the regional poll went ahead. Tigray did not budge, however. During the 9 September elections, in my interviews with dozens of people from across the region, it was clear that for them, this was not an ‘ordinary election,’ but a referendum on their security and self-determination. In this respect, it was a plebiscite on TPLF’s role as the protector of Tigrayan people and the spirit of woyane (Tigrinya for ‘rebellion’)—the resistance against centralized rule and outsized outside influence on Tigray. Even local opposition members threw their support to the TPLF. One told me: “As the situation is, even I will vote for the TPLF. They are the only one who can offer us protection against the threats from the federal government. The way PM Abiy Ahmed has handled the issue has paradoxically made him the best campaign manager TPLF could have imagined.” In the aftermath of a TPLF landslide win, both governments denounced each other as unconstitutional, leading to the formal breach of political relations. From there, it was just a matter of time before the political conflict would explode into armed confrontation.
Three-fronted offensive
In mid-October, contacts in Amhara and Tigray observed deployment of federal and Amhara special forces on the southern and western borders of Tigray, apparently preparing to attack Tigray. The Amhara police commissioner later confirmed that federal and Amhara forces had planned the attack, but needed time to build sufficient military capacity to tackle the considerable Tigrayan security forces. Likewise, Sudanese military leader Abdel Fattah al-Burhan recently confirmed that Abiy notified Khartoum in advance of the attack, asking Sudan to help “prevent any infiltration to add from Sudan by the TPLF fighters.” But Tigray would attack first. On the eve of 3 November, Tigray security forces, in cooperation with Tigrayan federal military officers, carried out what they called a “pre-emptive” strike against the Northern Command of the federal army in Tigray. Tigray’s leaders claimed it was a legitimate exercise of self-defense against advancing enemy forces. Abiy’s government, however, considered it treason. Almost immediately, the ENDF and its allies launched a massive, three-pronged offensive against Tigray. Tens of thousands of federal troops, supplemented by Amhara militia and regional special forces, attacked Tigray’s west and south, while the Eritrean military swept in from the north. Meanwhile, the Ethiopian air force bombarded Tigrayan positions and cities. On the western frontline of the area known as Welkait, Amhara forces, backed by ENDF mechanized brigades, made rapid advances across the difficult-to-defend flat, lowland terrain. TPLF military sources, as well as civilians and staff in Amhara region hospitals treating injured troops, told me that the attackers used an overwhelming “human wave” tactic, where hundreds of troops rushed head-on towards entrenched TDF positions, forcing Tigrayan forces to retreat to higher elevations. The fighting on the southern frontline of Raya proved to be a tougher challenge for the ENDF, as the escarpment provided better terrain for defensive positions. After assuming control of the lowlands, federal forces were soon bogged down in intense fighting when trying to advance into the Tigrayan highlands, leading to more mass fatalities. The third and perhaps most decisive front was to the north. Eritrea supported the Ethiopian offensive from day one by assisting the federal troops who fled the Tigrayan assault on the Northern Command, and by shelling the city of Humera on the western front. Soon, however, Asmara turned its military complex against its longtime foes.

The causes and course of the Tigray conflict, according to Abiy Ahmed
By Negash Haile
Eritrean troops, together with Northern Command units, battled the TDF at several points along the Eritrea-Tigray border. In the second week of November, Eritreans living in the border city of Senafe told me Eritrean forces were fighting TDF. Increasing evidence from international sources confirmed the Eritrean involvement, although Abiy has repeatedly denied this. Yet even his own military leadership later confirmed Eritrean participation. Tigray’s leaders claimed Eritreans also lost countless soldiers, but the onslaught and heavy shelling of cities forced Tigrayan forces to retreat from the urban areas along the main road towards Mekelle and mountainous central Tigray. Initially, Abiy believed the operation would be completed in a short time with the arrest of the top leadership. Still, it took three weeks of intense fighting, with likely thousands, if not tens of thousands, of fatalities, before the allied forces reached the outskirts of Mekelle, Tigray’s capital. In order to spare its destruction and heavy civilian losses, Tigray’s leadership left the city for the mountains together with their troops and other elites, allowing the ENDF to enter on 28 November when Abiy declared “mission accomplished.”
Mission far from accomplished
At that point, Abiy would make the world believe that everything was back to normal. An ‘interim government of Tigray’ of handpicked representatives was established and Abiy, asserted, ludicrously, that not a single civilian died in the capture of Tigray’s cities. The reality could not be more different: There have been mass atrocities against civilian and the war continues. Abiy has yet to achieve one of the publicly stated goals of the offensive: neutralizing the TPLF leadership to bring the whole Tigray region back under Addis Ababa’s sway. To be sure, Abiy has scored significant victories: his forces have captured prominent TPLF leaders, including Sebhat Nega, Abraham Tekeste and others, and killed founding members Seyoum Mesfin and Abay Tsehaye. But most of the executive political and military leadership, including chairperson Debretsion Gebremichael, spokesperson Getachew Reda and the top military leaders, such as Tadesse Wereda and Tsadkan Gebretensae, is still at large. In a stark indicator of the ongoing struggle for territorial control and popular support, federal authorities have offered over a quarter million dollars for any information which could lead to their capture. Above all, the violence has not stopped. The TDF appear to be standing their ground in central Tigray, with TPLF-aligned media reporting targeted attacks on the enemy. There are recent reports of clashes around Mekelle, particularly along its supply routes, against Eritrean forces in the northern part of the region, as well as on the western front around Dansha. The UN said that by 19 January, “active hostilities” continued across almost all of the region. So, it seems Tigray’s leaders preparing for a long-term campaign. In early January, the ‘Tigray Regional Government” vowed that its “struggle will continue until the enemies of people of Tigray are completely made to leave Tigray.” While a worsening humanitarian situation and blocked supply routes may inhibit an effective resistance, the TPLF may instead still enjoy the upper hand in terms of the hearts and minds of Tigray’s population. There have been many recent reports of youth leaving urban areas to join the resistance, particularly after atrocities have been committed.
“Tigray today is a living hell”
Information about widespread assault, rape, and killings of civilians all over Tigray are mounting from media and social media stories, human rights researchers, interviews with local people and refugees, and satellite image analysis. An Ethiopian contact with years of experience as a human-rights monitor across Africa recently told me after escaping Mekelle: “I have seen the devastating effects of war and atrocities in many countries, but never had I thought this would happen to us. Tigray today is a living hell.” Like many, he requested anonymity. Such is the level of fear in Abiy’s Ethiopia. Several hundred people were brutally killed in Maikadra around 9 November during the offensive in western Tigray. The government-appointed Ethiopian Human Rights Commission blamed it on Tigrayan forces, but witness accounts have been mixed. Those who fled Maikadra to Sudan said Amhara forces were culpable. As with the entire conflict, an independent investigation is needed. While it appears to have been a horrific example of tit-for-tat ethnic killing, the Maikadra incident was used to rally support for revenge by Amhara nationalists, and reinforced Amhara support for the war. There is little doubt that widespread and systematic war crimes and crimes against humanity are being perpetrated against the civilian population. Particularly gruesome atrocities are attributed to Eritrean forces and the Amhara militia, as in witness testimonies from refugees who tell of killings, rape, and torture. Both the UN special advisors on the ‘Prevention of Genocide’ and the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ warned about the escalating ethnic tensions and profiling in the country. The EU has done the same several times.

Hawks and doves: The great divide over the war in Tigray
By Fassil Hailu
In November, Genocide Watch, a reputed international NGO, classified the situation as the “extermination phase” in the stages of genocide. “Extermination” is followed only by “denial,” which seems to correspond with the current position of the Ethiopian government which rejects any allegations of wrongdoing in Tigray. An independent tribunal will be needed to determine whether genocide occurred. The war has also contributed to the worst humanitarian crisis in Ethiopia since the biblical 1984 famine. Even the interim administration admits that people are dying of starvation. In a humanitarian assistance meeting on 8 January, between UN agencies, international NGOs and regional and federal authorities, the PP-appointed administrator of the Central Zone of Tigray stated: “if urgent emergency assistance is not mobilized, hundreds of thousands might starve to death.” In a January report, the interim government estimated the conflict has displaced 2.2 million people, half from western Tigray. They may be now mostly in TPLF-controlled central areas. Close to 60,000 more Tigrayans have fled to neighboring Sudan as refugee. That number may have been considerably higher, but the Ethiopian and Eritrean forces blocked the border, preventing refugees to cross to safety. The regional healthcare system has been destroyed. Hospital, clinics, ambulances have been looted. Basic services across Tigray are extremely precarious. The interim government estimates that about 4.5 million Tigrayans, out of a population of about six million, will depend on humanitarian assistance in 2021. Although the Ethiopian government agreed with the UN in early December to allow “unimpeded humanitarian access” to Tigray, this has not happened, which led to the EU aid cut. The top EU diplomat Josef Borrell also cited “reports of ethnic-targeted violence, killings, massive looting, rapes, forceful returns of refugees and possible war crimes.” While the EU is preparing to dispatch the Finnish foreign minister to push for unfettered humanitarian access to Tigray, it appears so far that Addis Ababa is not willing to budge. This may be out of fear that free access will expose the political resistance against the intervention, the atrocities committed against civilians, and the full involvement of Eritrea.
Regional conflagration
The international dimensions of the conflict were present from day one with Eritrea’s involvement. The Eritrean army allegedly controls and administers several Tigrayan towns in the northern part of the region, with fresh reinforcements reportedly deployed earlier this month. It seems that the Eritrean army’s involvement was part of a plan hatched by Abiy with Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki, and is thus not considered a belligerent force to Ethiopia. The Ethiopian federal government has not even acknowledged that there are any Eritrean forces on Ethiopian soil. However, the head of ENDF’s Northern Command, Major-General Belay Seyoum, described the Eritrean deployment as “an unwanted foreign force [which] entered into our territory….by itself.” Representatives of the interim government of Tigray also claim that the Eritrean forces were not invited to take part in the war and are asked to pull out. It thus rests with the UN Security Council to determine whether Eritrea is acting outside of international law in Tigray. But the internationalization of the war is not limited to Eritrea. It is still unfolding. Belligerent rhetoric between Sudan and Ethiopia increases near-daily, threatening to erupt into yet another war. The row stems in part from the territorial dispute between Sudan and Ethiopia in the al-Fashga triangle. Continued pushing by Amhara nationalists claiming territorial ownership of the triangle, may compel Khartoum to take a more active stand on the Tigray war, as it seeks to preoccupy ENDF. The TPLF has allies in Kassala in Eastern Sudan, as well as old friends in Khartoum, who may find it opportune to help them with supply routes in order to hit back on Addis Ababa’s stand on al-Fashqa. (It would also be a throwback to Sudan’s TPLF-friendly policies in the 80s and 90s when the Derg controlled Ethiopia.) The chilly reception given to Sudanese Prime Minister Abdallah Hamdok during a recent visit to Addis Ababa, as well as a statement by al-Burhan, indicate that any goodwill gathered by Abiy in the early phase of his tenure is now spent political capital.

The war on Tigray: A multi-pronged assault driven by genocidal undercurrents
By Gebrekirstos Gebremeskel
The other major regional player is Egypt, which has long sought to pressure Addis Ababa over the use of Nile waters. The Arab nation already backs Sudan against Ethiopia on the Nile issue. While Cairo had long used Asmara as a proxy to pressure Addis, now that Isaias and Abiy are in cahoots, Egypt may shift its support to the TPLF to divert Ethiopia’s attention from finishing the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. The TPLF leadership may look differently at the GERD as a consequence of the war, and the prospects of Tigray possibly seeking secession from Ethiopia. History aside, Sudanese and Egyptian support for the TPLF would be a game-changer. Such foreign backing could secure the Tigrayan forces with a steady source of supplies, safe havens for exiled leaders, and transit points for travel in and out of TDF-controlled areas. This explains the current TDF offensive on the western fronts in Tigray, as informed by interlocutors close to TDF, in order for the Tigrayan forces to create a corridor to the Sudanese border. Elsewhere, armed groups in South Sudan and Somalia—both mired in conflicts of their own—may also see opportunities in Ethiopia’s quagmire. The Somali federal government has recently been questioned about the possible involvement of 3,000 Somali troops in the war on Tigray, of which 2,800 reportedly have been killed. Both Somalia and Ethiopia reject such claims, however. Amid this worrying situation, Abiy has rejected all international offers to mediate the conflict. While Tigray’s leaders welcomed such initiatives, Abiy has made it clear to all envoys that he will not negotiate with the so-called “junta.” IGAD and the AU, the two multilateral organizations with the authority to mitigate conflict in the region, seem paralyzed. Ethiopia and Abiy dominate IGAD, while the AU—headquartered in Addis Ababa—has long been under the sway of the Ethiopian authorities.
Diplomatic denials
So far it seems only the EU is willing and capable of taking a principled stand on the crisis, issuing repeatedly stern statements and, as noted, suspending 88 million Euros of budget support. The UN system has, with some few exceptions, played a pusillanimous role. Most of their in-country agencies offices are not willing or able to influence the dire political and humanitarian situation in Tigray. At the same time, UN sources tell me that Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, weak at best and a craven Abiy apologist at worst, tries to keep the emergency at arm’s length. Many of the bilateral diplomatic missions to Ethiopia have likewise so far turned a blind eye to the crisis and kept quiet, or issued general statements of concern for the humanitarian situation without criticizing the Ethiopian government for blocking relief. Over three decades of working in the Horn, I have seldom seen so much diplomatic positioning to claim “plausible deniability” regarding apparent atrocities.

The ‘peace’ that delivered total war against Tigray
By Yosief Ghebrehiwet
One wild card in the international scene is a re-energized US. After stumbling in its regional diplomacy over the GERD negotiations, Washington has played only a minor role in the international discourse on the conflict. The little it did say was in support of Abiy. Washington stood with the Prime Minister in the initial phase of the military campaign. Ambassador Tibor Nagy, Trump’s top diplomat to Africa, blamed the TPLF for seeking to internationalize the conflict by launching rockets at Asmara—even praising Eritrea’s regime for its “restraint” as it marauded across northern Tigray. However, the Biden administration is expected to change course. Incoming Secretary of State Antony Blinken expressed concern about the level of violence and lack of humanitarian access to Tigray. Blinken may even appoint a special envoy to the region to push to pacify the conflict and secure political accountability. A more assertive US engagement may enable the UN Security Council, which so far has been quiescent, to take an active stand.
Into the Abyss again
In December 2019, Abiy declared, “war is the epitome of hell for all involved. I know because I have been there and back.” He was in Oslo at the time, delivering his Nobel Peace Prize lecture, ironically titled ‘Forging a Durable Peace in the Horn of Africa.’ Yet Ethiopia is once again sliding into the abyss of war—under the Nobel laureate’s watch. What can be predicted about the future? Will we see the end of the war with the establishment of an interim government in Tigray, or the beginning of a protracted phase of the conflict? So far, the Abiy-appointed interim administration is a shell: unable to provide basic services, much less to protect the current population from widespread atrocities and an unfolding humanitarian disaster. It doesn’t even control much of Tigray’s territory. Besides the TPLF-held areas, Eritrean forces watch over the region’s north, while Amhara elements are annexing parts of western Tigray to form two new administrative zones. Even if the interim government were more empowered, it is unlikely to gain much support because the Prosperity Party, which dominates the new administration, offers little salvation to Tigray’s people. The ruling party has no organic constituency in Tigray, and prior to the ENDF capture of Mekelle, had no track record in the region, nor local representation. Its few Tigrayan members before the war all lived in Addis Ababa. Although new members have joined Tigray PP after the appointment of the interim government, it is challenging to identify a genuine Tigray PP constituency—although the banning of TPLF and likely prohibition of other Tigrayan nationalist parties will pave the way for PP gains in the region, should an election occur later this year.

Eritreans caught in dilemma over Tigray conflict
By Mebrahtu Ateweberhan
Instead, the Tigrayans I’ve spoken to, who include TPLF members, supporters of Tigrayan opposition parties, and others, generally perceive the PP to be arguing for a re-centralization of power to Addis Ababa at the cost of regional autonomy. Yet the fiercely independent people of Tigray are strong defenders of the right to self-determination. They fear the re-imposition of a strained singular ‘Ethiopian identity,’ which would dilute the cultural and ethno-political rights enshrined in the constitution for themselves and others. The majority of the Tigray population is thus likely to perceive the interim government as a Quisling regime, and consequently, it is likely that the TPLF will have a solid support-base in the region to wage a long-term insurgency. This is also what the TPLF is now communicating to its constituency—to prepare the people once again for the hardships and sacrifices of war. In the aftermath of the killings of founding members in mid-January, the “National Government of Tigray” issued a statement that invoked atrocities committed against Tigrayan people, and exhorted the region’s youth to “pursue the invading enemy…inflict vengeance upon them, and show that Tigray remains to be the cemetery of invaders.” Such fiery words should not merely be interpreted as the propaganda of rebels on the run. After the news about the arrests and killings were known, a Tigrayan scholar long critical of TPLF, explained to me: “This may in short-term affect the morale of the Tigrayan people, but ultimately it will just add on the anger and resolve to stand together and fight. Anyone who has been in doubt, will now be certain about the intentions of the Abiy regime.” With this in mind, Abiy’s battlefield victories may prove pyrrhic. The history of the region, people’s resolve, and the political context of the country, all suggest that the Tigrayans once again will take up arms to defend their security and self-determination. The conflict is not perceived as a law-enforcement operation against TPLF; it is understood and experienced as a war of annihilation against Tigray. There is thus no other option, many believe, than to fight—’woyane’.
Wither Ethiopia
If the conflict in Tigray continues for years, the only certain thing is that a different Ethiopia will emerge. The Tigray population, of which the absolute majority before the war identified as Ethiopians and wanted to remain under the federation, today have lost hope of living in peace with Ethiopia. One veteran fighter from the 17-year’ war, who became a TPLF dissenter and served for almost three decades as a federal civil servant, told me: “We have crossed the point of no-return. We are now in a situation where we either are exterminated, or we fight. It has increased our determination and awakened us that we will never continue to be part of this empire.” It seems that the majority of Tigrayans have given up hope of living in peace with the rest of Ethiopia, and they feel betrayed that few other Ethiopians have shown any solidarity or sympathy with the civilian victims of the massive atrocities taking place. Hence, many see secession to create an independent Tigray as solace for their collective grievances.

The secret war in Tigray
By Mistir Sew
It may not be too late, however, to reach a negotiated settlement that maintains Ethiopia’s territorial integrity. That would most likely involve a re-configuration of the federation into a so-called ‘loose federation’ or a confederate mode This solution may also be supported by the Oromo fronts and other multinational federalist parties in the country. But, first, the fighting must stop. I fear that this will only happen when the adversaries are sufficiently weakened on the battlefield, with the tragic loss of lives that entails. The last time, it took 17 years and hundreds of thousands killed before negotiations started a month prior to the collapse of the Derg military junta. Let’s hope that Abiy may learn from the country’s war-torn history to understand that this political dispute cannot be solved by arms, and open up for negotiations before it is too late.
Lidetu to continue to defend two charges related to alleged attempt to challenge the constitutional order forcefully
Ethiopian Democratic Party announced on Friday that the leader, Lidetu Ayalew, is released from prison on 30,000 birr bail. He was charged with “illegal possession of firearms,” and ‘attempting to overthrow federal and regional government forcefully. He has been in jail since the days following the assassination of singer Hachalu Hundesa on June 29. His party announced that it was the supreme court in the Oromo region of Ethiopia that ruled Lidetu be released on 30,000 Ethiopian Birr bail. It means that he will continue to defend himself against the charges mentioned above from outside the prison cell. A court in East Show zone ruled a few months ago that he be released on 100,000 birr bail for the charge related to “illegal possession of firearms.” However, police defied the court order and Lidetu had to remain in prison until Friday morning this week. He is said to have appeared in court about 41 times since his arrest about five months ago. The second charge was laid after police retained him against court order, according to information from his party. He was particularly implicated in alleged involvement in coordinating Youth in Bishoftu (Debre Zeit), where he lives, for protest. Lidetu denied the charges. “On behalf of my party and our members, I would like to express sincere gratitude to lifeline lawyers Abduljabar Hussien,Mohammed Jimma, Gemechu Gutema and Ashenafi Anteneh,” said Adane Tadesse who is president of Ethiopian Democratic Party. Lidetu Ayalew is founder of Ethiopian Democratic Party and led the party for many years. He tends to be critical towards Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s government. He thinks Abiy Ahmed’s mandate as Prime Minister of the country ended on September 30 of this year — a position that the nearly defunct Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) strongly held. The political stand is based on the view that postponement of the sixth general election was illegal for “it violates the constitution.
The " WTM brings you new interesting and useful information and discussions on various national and international topics every day Our media The voice of the people of Tigray as well as the voices of all other ethnic groups, innocent and oppressed people of all ethnic groups who are being abused. https://tigraywoyenay.com/
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